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Volume I · Open-Source Incident Compendium

Lone-Actor Incidents Directed at Donald J. Trump & his Administration

A structured, source-cited statistical record of lone-actor incidents directed at Donald J. Trump and members of his administration — covering the 2016 campaign through the second term. Compiled from public reporting, court filings and official statements.

Reporting period: 2016 – present Incidents: 9 Confirmed: 7 Disputed: 2 Last revised: 25 May 2026

Headline Statistics

Aggregate · all incidents
Total incidents 9 7 confirmed · 2 disputed
Unique perpetrators 9 9 acted alone
Rounds fired (perpetrator) 14 Excludes return fire by law enforcement
Times Trump injured 1 One grazing wound, right ear (Butler, PA)
Bystander deaths 1 Corey Comperatore, Butler rally
Bystanders critically injured 4
Law-enforcement injured 1 Secret Service officer, WHCD 2026
Perpetrators killed on scene 3
Convicted or sentenced 3
Charges pending 3
Weapons / items recovered 19
Average perpetrator age 33.1 Range: 20 – 58

Perpetrator Demographics

Counts of individuals · n = 9
By gender
Male 9
By age bracket
Under 21 2
40–49 2
21–29 2
50–59 1
30–39 1
Unknown 1
By race / ethnicity
White 4
Not publicly reported 4
African American 1
By nationality
American 8
British 1
By political lean (where stated)
Anti-Trump / left-leaning 3
Not publicly reported 3
Mixed / ambiguous 1
Sovereign Citizens / fringe 1
Apolitical / nonpolitical 1

Tactics, Weapons & Venues

Items recovered / venue characteristics
Weapons & equipment recovered
Ancillary equipment 7
Handgun 5
Shotgun 2
AR-15-style rifle 1
SKS-style rifle 1
Other rifle / long gun 1
Edged weapon 1
Vehicle / forklift 1
Venue type
Indoor campaign rally 1
Outdoor campaign rally 1
Private golf course 1
Outdoor campaign rally perimeter 1
Presidential residence 1
Indoor formal event 1
Presidential motorcade route 1
Public open space along motorcade route 1
Presidential residence perimeter 1
By state / district
District of Columbia 3
Florida 2
Nevada 1
Pennsylvania 1
California 1
North Dakota 1
By year
2026 4
2024 3
2016 1
2017 1
By stated / apparent target
Donald J. Trump 7
JD Vance (disputed) 1
White House perimeter (Trump inside) 1

Outcomes

Current legal status of perpetrators
Perpetrator outcome
Killed on scene 3
Charged, pending trial 3
Convicted & sentenced 2
Convicted & deported 1
Casualty summary
Bystanders injured 4
Perpetrators killed 3
Trump grazing wounds 1
Bystander deaths 1
Law-enforcement injured 1

Incident Log

Chronological · earliest first

Michael Steven Sandford

Treasure Island Hotel & Casino, Paradise, NV

Target Donald J. Trump

Trump 2016 campaign rally

Latest 2016 Donald Trump Las Vegas rally incident Wikipedia

Perpetrator

Age 20
Gender Male
Race White
Nationality British
Residence Hoboken, NJ (overstayed 90-day visa-waiver)
Occupation Unemployed; living out of his car in the months prior
Political affiliation Anti-Trump (no party affiliation reported)
Acted alone Yes

Attempt & outcome

Weapons & equipment Attempted to seize officer's Glock 17 (9mm)
Rounds fired — perpetrator 0
Distance to target
Trump injured No
Casualties 0 killed · 0 injured
Current status Convicted & deported
Sentence 12 months and 1 day in federal prison; deported to UK after 11 months

Stated intent to kill Trump to prevent his election; told investigators he had been planning the attempt for approximately one year.

Open full file → Profile, preparation, online footprint, key facts & 11-article coverage timeline

Gregory Lee Leingang

Andeavor Mandan Refinery motorcade route, Mandan, ND

Target Donald J. Trump

Presidential visit to Andeavor Mandan Refinery; the motorcade transited the area

Latest Security incidents involving Donald Trump Wikipedia

Perpetrator

Age Unknown
Gender Male
Race Not publicly reported
Nationality American
Residence Bismarck / Mandan area, ND
Occupation Not publicly documented
Political affiliation Not publicly documented
Acted alone Yes

Attempt & outcome

Weapons & equipment Stolen forklift (intended to flip the presidential limousine)
Rounds fired — perpetrator 0
Distance to target
Trump injured No
Casualties 0 killed · 0 injured
Current status Convicted & sentenced
Sentence 10 years (arson) + 5 years (forklift theft) + 5 years (burglary), state prison; estimated release 2038

Confessed plan to ram and flip the presidential limousine in order to kill President Trump; forklift became jammed inside the refinery before he could reach the motorcade.

Open full file → Profile, preparation, online footprint, key facts & 11-article coverage timeline

Thomas Matthew Crooks

Butler Farm Show grounds, Butler, PA

Target Donald J. Trump

Trump 2024 campaign rally

Latest Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania Wikipedia

Perpetrator

Age 20
Gender Male
Race White
Nationality American
Residence Bethel Park, PA
Occupation Dietary aide at Bethel Park Skilled Nursing & Rehabilitation Center
Political affiliation Registered Republican (registered at 17); previously donated $15 to ActBlue Progressive Turnout Project on day Biden was inaugurated; voting history limited to one primary
Acted alone Yes

Attempt & outcome

Weapons & equipment DPMS Panther Arms AR-15-style rifle, 16" barrel, 5.56x45mm NATO (purchased from his father)
Rounds fired — perpetrator 8
Distance to target 137 m
Trump injured Bullet grazed upper right ear
Casualties 1 killed · 2 injured
Current status Killed on scene
Sentence

FBI determined no clear motive after 200+ interviews; one working theory is that Crooks was seeking any high-profile mass-shooting opportunity and the rally's timing simply offered the most accessible target.

Open full file → Profile, preparation, online footprint, key facts & 17-article coverage timeline

Ryan Wesley Routh

Trump International Golf Club, West Palm Beach, FL

Target Donald J. Trump

Trump playing a round of golf

Latest Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Florida Wikipedia

Perpetrator

Age 58
Gender Male
Race White
Nationality American
Residence Kaaawa, HI (formerly Greensboro, NC)
Occupation Roofing contractor / shed-builder in Hawaii; self-styled 'recruiter' for Ukraine's International Legion (the Legion publicly disowned any link to him)
Political affiliation Pivoted from Trump-2016 supporter to fierce critic; donated ≈20 times to ActBlue between Sep 2019 – Mar 2020 ($1–$25); voted in 2024 North Carolina Democratic primary
Acted alone Yes

Attempt & outcome

Weapons & equipment Norinco SKS-style rifle with scope; Loaded magazine (19 rounds) + 1 chambered; Steel armour plates; Mounted camera
Rounds fired — perpetrator 0
Distance to target 366 m
Trump injured No
Casualties 0 killed · 0 injured
Current status Convicted & sentenced
Sentence Life in prison plus 84 months (sentenced 2026-02-04)

Self-described mission to prevent a second Trump presidency, citing Trump's stated positions on Ukraine and Iran; pre-positioned with rifle pointed through fence and was spotted before Trump came into his line of sight.

Open full file → Profile, preparation, online footprint, key facts & 17-article coverage timeline

Vem Miller

Outer security checkpoint, Coachella, CA

Target Donald J. Trump

Trump 2024 campaign rally

Latest Coachella gun charge against Vem Miller nears dismissal Hoodline

Perpetrator

Age 49
Gender Male
Race White
Nationality American
Residence Las Vegas, NV
Occupation Self-described investigative journalist / documentary filmmaker; founder of 'America Happens Network' (right-wing podcast platform); former music-video co-director ('Vem & Tony')
Political affiliation Self-described Trump supporter; right-wing media personality; ID and license-plate markings tied him to the Sovereign Citizens movement per Riverside County Sheriff
Acted alone Yes

Attempt & outcome

Weapons & equipment Loaded shotgun; Loaded handgun; High-capacity magazine; Multiple passports and driver licenses under different names; Vehicle with homemade license plate
Rounds fired — perpetrator 0
Distance to target
Trump injured No
Casualties 0 killed · 0 injured
Current status Charged, pending trial
Sentence Released on $5,000 bail; charged with two California state weapons violations (carrying a loaded firearm and possession of a high-capacity magazine); no federal assassination charge filed

Disputed. Riverside County Sheriff Chad Bianco publicly stated deputies 'probably' stopped a third assassination attempt and cited the Sovereign Citizens connection; the Secret Service stated Trump was not in immediate danger; Miller insisted he was a supporter unaware of weapons restrictions.

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Austin Tucker Martin

Mar-a-Lago inner perimeter, Palm Beach, FL

Target Donald J. Trump

Breached Mar-a-Lago perimeter while Trump was in Washington

Latest Motive probed in fatal Mar-a-Lago shooting as Trump speaks out ABC News

Perpetrator

Age 21
Gender Male
Race Not publicly reported
Nationality American
Residence Moore County, NC
Occupation Groundskeeper at Pine Needles Lodge & Golf Club; owner of registered LLC 'Fresh Sky Illustrations' producing nature and golf-course sketches
Political affiliation Came from a family of Trump supporters per cousin; personally described as apolitical
Acted alone Yes

Attempt & outcome

Weapons & equipment Shotgun (purchased en route); Fuel can (gas canister)
Rounds fired — perpetrator 0
Distance to target
Trump injured No
Casualties 0 killed · 0 injured
Current status Killed on scene
Sentence

Motive not publicly determined. Breached perimeter at ~01:30 a.m. by walking through a gate as it opened for departing staff; carried shotgun and gas canister; refused orders to drop the firearm and raised it to a shooting position.

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Cole Tomas Allen

Washington Hilton, Terrace Level (White House Correspondents' Dinner), Washington, DC

Target Donald J. Trump

White House Correspondents' Association Dinner; Trump, Vance, Cabinet and First Lady in attendance

Latest Cole Allen will remain locked up ahead of trial The Hill

Perpetrator

Age 31
Gender Male
Race African American
Nationality American
Residence Torrance, CA
Occupation Part-time tutor at C2 Education (named 'Teacher of the Month', December 2024); self-employed indie video-game developer; released game 'Bohrdom' on Steam
Political affiliation Left-wing activist per family interviews; vocal critic of the Trump administration, the U.S. war with Iran, and Russia's war in Ukraine on a verified Bluesky account
Acted alone Yes

Attempt & outcome

Weapons & equipment Long gun (rifle); Handgun; Knives
Rounds fired — perpetrator 2
Distance to target
Trump injured No
Casualties 0 killed · 1 injured
Current status Charged, pending trial
Sentence Charged with attempt to assassinate the President; transportation of firearm/ammunition in interstate commerce with intent to commit a felony; discharge of firearm during a crime of violence. Faces life in prison.

Believed it was his 'duty' to target Trump administration officials over administration policies including the war with Iran; left-wing radicalisation documented in family interviews; investigators say he intended multiple targets.

Open full file → Profile, preparation, online footprint, key facts & 15-article coverage timeline

Michael Marx

National Mall near Washington Monument — 15th Street & Madison Drive NW, Washington, DC

Target JD Vance (disputed — Secret Service says no evidence VP was the target)

Vice President JD Vance's motorcade was departing the White House along the route at the time Marx was observed

Latest Texas man charged in shooting at Secret Service agent near Washington Monument U.S. Department of Justice

Perpetrator

Age 45
Gender Male
Race Not publicly reported
Nationality American
Residence Midland, TX
Occupation Not publicly documented
Political affiliation Not publicly documented
Acted alone Yes

Attempt & outcome

Weapons & equipment Sig Sauer P365 handgun (unlicensed in DC)
Rounds fired — perpetrator 1
Distance to target
Trump injured No
Casualties 0 killed · 1 injured
Current status Charged, pending trial
Sentence Charged with assaulting federal officers with a dangerous weapon; using and discharging a firearm during a crime of violence; unlawful possession of a firearm by a convicted felon

Disputed. A juvenile bystander was struck in the leg by a round Marx fired at a pursuing Secret Service officer. The Secret Service publicly stated there is no evidence Marx was specifically targeting VP Vance's motorcade; press coverage emphasises the spatial overlap.

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Nasire Best

White House security checkpoint, 17th Street & Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC

Target White House perimeter (Donald J. Trump present inside)

Approach to the White House security checkpoint while President Trump was inside the residence

Latest Gunman shot dead by Secret Service agents near White House: what we know Al Jazeera

Perpetrator

Age 21
Gender Male
Race Not publicly reported
Nationality American
Residence Maryland
Occupation Not publicly documented
Political affiliation Not publicly documented
Acted alone Yes

Attempt & outcome

Weapons & equipment Pistol drawn from a handbag
Rounds fired — perpetrator 3
Distance to target
Trump injured No
Casualties 0 killed · 1 injured
Current status Killed on scene
Sentence

Not publicly determined. Best had prior Secret Service contacts in 2025 involving threats and a restricted-area incursion; family and friends reported a serious mental-health deterioration leading up to the incident.

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Methodology & Scope

Inclusion criteria

What this record includes

This compendium tracks lone actors who took direct, documented action toward harming Donald J. Trump or a sitting member of his administration — defined as (a) physically attempting to seize, draw, raise or fire a weapon while in their proximity, (b) entering or breaching a secured perimeter (rally, residence or motorcade) while armed with the stated or apparent purpose of doing so, or (c) deploying a non-firearm weapon (e.g. a vehicle) against a presidential motorcade with confessed intent to kill.

Foreign-directed plots (e.g. the Iran-linked Asif Merchant murder-for-hire scheme) are excluded as they are not lone-actor cases. Verbal threats, mailed substances, and arrested would-be plotters who never reached an attempt are also excluded.

Two entries are classified as disputed: Vem Miller (Coachella, October 2024) — the Riverside County Sheriff publicly characterised the arrest as a likely third assassination attempt, while the Secret Service stated Trump was not in immediate danger and no federal assassination charge was filed; and Michael Marx (National Mall, May 2026) — the Secret Service publicly stated there is no evidence he was specifically targeting VP Vance's motorcade, although his firearm discharged along that motorcade route. The data preserves both characterisations.

All figures are derived directly from the underlying records. Every incident links to its primary sources. Demographic fields marked "not publicly reported" indicate that the relevant attribute has not been confirmed in publicly available reporting at the time of compilation.